SARNAS (II)

Hoy continuamos con las sarnas en animales de compañía y os explicare un par de ellas que sí son potencialmente zoonóticas (contagio al ser humano):

Sarna sarcóptica o escabiosis canina

Es un tipo de sarna que afecta principalmente a los perros, aunque es bastante contagiosa y puede afectar a otras especies (aunque es poco frecuente en gatos), incluida los humanos (este tipo de sarna sí se contagia frecuentemente). Se produce por un ácaro llamado Sarcoptes scabiei canis, que parasita la piel del perro y excava galerías bajo la piel para habitar en ellas, alimentarse y depositar sus huevos.

La enfermedad provoca sintomatología cutánea, afectándose en mayor medida las áreas con escaso pelo o sin pelo (orejas, abdomen, extremidades), en las que se forman costras y apreciándose mucho picor en el animal.

El diagnóstico es complejo, ya que solamente es posible ver el ácaro en muestras observadas al microscopio y en aproximadamente el 20 % de los casos.Yo he tenido la suerte de verlos únicamente en un par de ocasiones. Es una enfermedad que en caso de sospecha siempre debe ser tratada aunque no se vea el ácaro en las muestras, con el fin de descartarla por completo. Existen test serológicos, pero no tienen mucha especificidad. Nunca los utilizo.

El tratamiento no es complejo, existiendo muchas opciones terapéuticas para tratar por boca, en spot-on… Lo que si suele ser necesario es mínimo mes y medio para tratarla.

Cheyletiosis

Esta enfermedad se da en perros (Cheyletiella yasguri) y gatos (C. blakei), entre otras (C. parasitivorax en conejos). Estos tipos de Cheyletiellas no son exclusivos de esas especies y pueden afectar a otras, incluido a las personas, que frecuentemente se afectan por este tipo de sarna. Estos ácaros viven sobre la piel, no como los que hemos visto anteriormente (vivían en los folículos o en galerías dentro de la piel).

Esta enfermedad se conoce como la enfermedad de la “caspa ambulante”, ya que en animales provoca principalmente descamaciones de la piel (caspa) que se mueven y picor ( No tanto como la anterior sarna). Las personas presentan ronchas pruríticas (que pican).

El diagnóstico, como en casos anteriores, se realiza por observación directa del parásito en el microscopio. En este caso es frecuente encontrarlo en las muestras tomadas correctamente.

El tratamiento no es muy complejo aunque suele durar varias semanas, pudiendo utilizarse tratamiento vía oral, en spot-on, etc. En cada caso se opta por el que más se adecúe al tipo de vida del paciente.En conejos con un par de inyecciones acaricidas me ha resultado de maravilla.

Espero sigáis disfrutando de la lectura. Nos queda una tercera parte y termino con estos parasitos tan asquerosillos.

Carlos Quintana

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